State directory
Home insurance, state by state
Whether your state has a FAIR Plan (the insurer of last resort), what it covers, the cap on a single dwelling policy, and a one-line read on how strained the market is. Click any state for the full page.
verified 2026-05-11Browse all 51 states and their FAIR Plan status →
- Crisis
- Strained
- Tightening
- Stable / Open
- No FAIR Plan
33 states with a FAIR Plan
A FAIR Plan is a state-mandated insurer of last resort: narrower coverage and usually higher cost, for owners who can't get a policy in the standard market.
| State | FAIR Plan | Market read | Max dwelling | Verified | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | California FAIR Plan Association | Crisis | $3,000,000 | 2026-05-11 | California FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| Colorado | Colorado FAIR Plan Association | Stable | $750,000 combined limit for dwelling + contents (residential); up to $5,000,000 for commercial buildings. | 2026-05-11 | Colorado FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| Connecticut | Connecticut FAIR Plan (Connecticut Property Insurance Placement Facility) | Strained | $350,000 maximum Coverage A (dwelling/building) for 1-4 family dwellings; $75,000 maximum Coverage C (personal property/contents). No single risk may total more than $1,500,000 (building + personal property + other structures + endorsements) at any one location. For commercial property the building limit varies by construction type — from $200,000 (frame) to $1,000,000 (fire resistive) — with commercial contents up to $250,000 (fire resistive) / $200,000 (other), doubleable for sole occupancy. Habitational deductibles run $250-$10,000; commercial $500-$75,000. | 2026-05-11 | Connecticut FAIR Plan ↗ |
| Delaware | Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware (Delaware FAIR Plan) | Stable | Maximum $500,000 if the 1-4 family dwelling is occupied; $335,000 if the dwelling is vacant. (Commercial limits are set per the commercial program.) | 2026-05-11 | Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware ↗ |
| District of Columbia | District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility (DCPIF) | Stable | Homeowners: maximum Coverage A (dwelling) is $455,000; maximum Coverage C (contents) is $227,500. Commercial and Dwelling Fire: maximum $1,500,000 (fire-resistive, masonry, or frame). No 'scheduled' policies are available; coverage is limited to the forms offered by the Facility. | 2026-05-11 | District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility ↗ |
| Florida | Citizens Property Insurance Corporation | Strained | $700,000 (Coverage A / dwelling replacement cost) statewide; up to $1,000,000 in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. | 2026-05-11 | Citizens Property Insurance Corporation ↗ |
| Georgia | Georgia Underwriting Association (GUA) | Strained | Up to $2,000,000 dwelling coverage (residential). | 2026-05-11 | Georgia Underwriting Association ↗ |
| Hawaii | Hawaii Property Insurance Association (HPIA); Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund (HHRF) | Strained | HPIA: maximum Coverage A (dwelling) limit is $450,000; policy limits range from $50,000 to $450,000 (deductibles $500 / $1,000 / $2,000 / $3,000). For the HHRF (hurricane excess for condo/townhouse AOAOs): coverage attaches as EXCESS above the first $10 million of insured value (the AOAO buys separate primary for the first $10M), and the maximum HHRF policy is $140 million — these are per-building TIV-layer figures, not a per-dwelling Coverage A cap. | 2026-05-11 | Hawaii Property Insurance Association ↗ |
| Illinois | Illinois FAIR Plan Association | Strained | $750,000 (dwelling/homeowners Coverage A); $375,000 personal property/contents; $100,000 condos; $1,000,000 commercial | 2026-05-11 | Illinois FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| Indiana | Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association (Indiana FAIR Plan) | Stable | $250,000 combined building and contents (residential); $1,000,000 combined building and contents (commercial) | 2026-05-11 | Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association ↗ |
| Iowa | Iowa FAIR Plan Association | Strained | Dwelling Property Program: maximum $300,000 (ACV, lesser of ACV or market value). Homeowners Program (HO-8): maximum $200,000 (ACV), minimum $40,000. Commercial Property Program: maximum $500,000 per location. | 2026-05-11 | Iowa FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| Kansas | Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility (Kansas FAIR Plan) | Stable | Coverage cannot exceed 100% of actual cash value (ACV) or present market value, whichever is less, nor exceed any recent purchase price without evidence of increased value. A specific dollar cap per property was not publicly confirmed from primary sources; the ACV-peg creates a property-specific limit rather than a stated statewide maximum. | 2026-05-11 | Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility ↗ |
| Kentucky | Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association | Tightening | Dwelling Fire: maximum $200,000 (DP-1 minimum $1,000; DP-2 minimum $15,000). Farm dwellings: maximum $150,000 (within the $250,000 farm aggregate). Homeowners: maximum $200,000. Commercial Protection Classes 1-9: maximum $1,000,000. Commercial Protection Class 10: maximum $250,000. Farm: maximum $250,000. | 2026-05-11 | Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association ↗ |
| Louisiana | Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation | Tightening | Not published publicly. LA Citizens' per-property limits of liability are set in its Manual of Rules and Procedures (Underwriting Guidelines) adopted by the Governing Board under Section 6 of the Plan of Operation — that manual is not posted on the public site. From documented data points: the residential homeowners policy can carry personal-property (Coverage C) up to $1,000,000 with $500,000 in contents coverage (per 2021 board action), and Coverage E (liability) max $300,000; commercial limits were raised in November 2021 to $10,000,000 per building / $3,200,000 contents / $20,000,000 aggregate per insured (those increases were scheduled to sunset and be re-evaluated in two years). A specific maximum Coverage A (dwelling) dollar cap for residential property was NOT found in any publicly accessible LA Citizens or LDI source during this pass — do not invent one. | 2026-05-11 | Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation ↗ |
| Maryland | Maryland Joint Insurance Association (MDJIA) | Strained | Homeowners and Dwelling Fire: Coverage A (Dwelling) maximum $455,000; Coverage C (Personal Property/Contents) maximum $228,000. Commercial: $1,500,000 per building (fire-resistive, masonry, or frame). | 2026-05-11 | Maryland Joint Insurance Association ↗ |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MPIUA) — the Massachusetts FAIR Plan | Strained | $1,000,000 (Coverage A / dwelling) — but with a 2025 'workaround': if 90% of a home's estimated replacement cost exceeds $1,000,000, the owner must either buy a separate excess (E&S) policy above the $1M MPIUA layer (MPIUA stays the primary 'first layer') or add the HO 04 56 Special Loss Settlement Endorsement. New business effective on/after Feb 1, 2025 must insure Coverage A to at least 90% of estimated reconstruction cost (up from 80%). | 2026-05-11 | Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association ↗ |
| Michigan | Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA) | Strained | Not published on the plan's public website; must be verified against MBPIA's current Rules and Rates Manual or Plan of Operation. MBPIA offers standard HO-3 forms with replacement-cost options. No cap confirmed from primary sources. | 2026-05-11 | Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA) ↗ |
| Minnesota | Minnesota FAIR Plan Association | Strained | $500,000 (dwelling fire policy maximum). | 2026-05-11 | Minnesota FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| Mississippi | MWUA: Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association ('Wind Pool'); MRPIUA: Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association ('FAIR Plan'). Both administered under the 'MS Plans' umbrella. | Strained | MWUA: $1,000,000 (dwelling, 1-4 family) + $250,000 (contents) per location. Hurricane deductible: typically 2% of dwelling coverage (minimum); requests above 5% reviewed by management. MRPIUA: $200,000 (dwelling) + $75,000 (contents). Standard deductible: $1,000 per claim. | 2026-05-11 | MS Plans ↗ |
| Missouri | Missouri Property Insurance Placement Facility (Missouri FAIR Plan) | Stable | $200,000 (dwelling building + contents combined). Commercial: $1,000,000 (building + contents combined). Optional theft endorsement: $25,000. Note: Missouri SB 1031 (2024 session) proposed raising residential limit to $300,000 and commercial to $3,000,000 — verify enactment status, as plan's current website still shows $200,000. | 2026-05-11 | Missouri FAIR Plan ↗ |
| New Jersey | New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association (NJIUA) — the New Jersey FAIR Plan | Strained | Maximum real property (dwelling/building) limit is $600,000 under the DP forms; maximum personal property limit is $300,000 (or $50,000 where the FAIR Plan does not provide building coverage). Optional theft coverage is capped at $20,000. (Note: NJ DOBI's consumer page and the task brief cite a $200,000 optional personal-property figure; PropertyCasualty360's July 2024 reference gives $300,000 — verify the current figure against the NJIUA Plan of Operation. The $600,000 real-property cap is the figure to use for max dwelling coverage.) | 2026-05-11 | New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance ↗ |
| New Mexico | New Mexico Property Insurance Program (NMPIP) / NM F.A.I.R. Plan | Strained | Residential (1-4 family dwellings): $750,000 (Protection Class 1-7: protected) / $500,000 (Class 8-10: unprotected) — under normal operations. Under a gubernatorial Executive Emergency Order declaring a catastrophe: both protected and unprotected limits increase to $750,000. Commercial: $2,000,000 per division (all construction types), total policy limit $5,000,000. | 2026-05-11 | New Mexico Property Insurance Program ↗ |
| New York | New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association (NYPIUA) | Strained | $1,500,000 (per the NYPIUA Plan of Operation — combined limit for insurable real property or personal property thereon). | 2026-05-11 | New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association ↗ |
| North Carolina | North Carolina Joint Underwriting Association (FAIR Plan); North Carolina Insurance Underwriting Association (Coastal Property Insurance Pool / Beach Plan) | Stable | Residential: $1,000,000 building coverage (both NCJUA FAIR Plan and NCIUA Beach Plan); personal property capped at 40% of approved building coverage. Commercial: NCJUA up to $2.5M combined / $6M aggregate (per firewall divisions); NCIUA up to $4M per freestanding structure / $10M aggregate (increased from $3M/$6M effective 11/02/2023). | 2026-05-11 | NCJUA / NCIUA ↗ |
| Ohio | Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association | Strained | $2,000,000 per location (maximum aggregate of building/dwelling + contents/personal property). HO 0008 minimum dwelling: $15,000. HO 0003 minimum dwelling: $25,000 (must maintain at least 50% of replacement cost). Crime coverage residential maximum: $10,000. Crime coverage commercial maximum: $15,000. | 2026-05-11 | Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association ↗ |
| Oregon | Oregon FAIR Plan Association | Strained | $600,000 (personal dwellings and farm dwellings); $1,000,000 (commercial buildings). Effective May 1, 2023. Higher limits available on a case-by-case basis via facultative reinsurance. | 2026-05-11 | Oregon FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| Pennsylvania | Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania FAIR Plan) | Stable | Combined building + contents limit for occupied one-to-four-family dwellings: $500,000. Vacant or unoccupied buildings: $335,000 combined building + contents. (These are combined limits, not separate dwelling and contents caps.) | 2026-05-11 | Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania ↗ |
| Rhode Island | Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association (RIJRA / Rhode Island FAIR Plan) | Strained | Dwelling Fire program: up to $750,000 (single interest). Homeowners program: Coverage A (dwelling) $25,000-$1,000,000. Commercial: frame construction up to $250,000; masonry/fire-resistive up to $500,000 (contents up to $250,000). | 2026-05-11 | Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association ↗ |
| Texas | Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA); Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA) | Strained | TWIA: $1,773,000 residential dwelling limit for 2026 (adjusted annually for inflation; ~$2.5M commercial). TFPA: total insurable value generally capped around the property value; TFPA homeowners/dwelling policies historically capped near $1.8–$2M but verify current TFPA limit. | 2026-05-11 | Texas FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| Virginia | Virginia Property Insurance Association (VPIA) | Tightening | Habitational properties (1–4 family dwellings and mobile homes): up to $500,000. Commercial buildings: up to $1,000,000 per location. FP-2 broad form requires at least 80% of calculated replacement cost at time of loss; an inflation guard endorsement (0.5% quarterly / 2% annually) applies to all FP-2 policies. | 2026-05-11 | Virginia Property Insurance Association ↗ |
| Washington | Washington FAIR Plan Association (Washington FAIR Plan) | Strained | $1,500,000 — the maximum coverage available under a dwelling or commercial policy (maximum liability of the facility per property at one location). The plan seeks placement in the voluntary market for amounts exceeding this limit. | 2026-05-11 | Washington FAIR Plan Association ↗ |
| West Virginia | West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association (West Virginia FAIR Plan) | Strained | Habitational (residential) dwellings: $150,000 (occupied) / $100,000 (vacant). Commercial properties: $100,000–$500,000 depending on construction type. Maximum combined per location: $500,000. Coal mine subsidence: maximum $200,000 (or fire insurance amount, whichever is less). | 2026-05-11 | West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association ↗ |
| Wisconsin | Wisconsin Insurance Plan (WIP) | Strained | Habitational risks (Dwelling and Homeowners lines): up to $350,000 on the dwelling/building (with the customary percentage limits for other structures and loss of use) and up to $175,000 on personal property at any one location; on the Homeowners line, personal liability is fixed at $100,000 and medical payments to others at $1,000. Any other eligible (commercial) risk: up to $500,000 combined building + business personal property. Eligibility cap: a dwelling/HO property must have a market value of $350,000 or less (not including lot or other structures) — properties above that are not eligible for the Plan. (The $350,000 figure was raised from a prior $200,000 limit by an update to Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10.) | 2026-05-11 | Wisconsin Insurance Plan ↗ |
Table: U.S. states operating a FAIR Plan or equivalent residual-market property mechanism (33). · Each row links to that state's official FAIR Plan or Department of Insurance. Full sourcing on each state page.
18 states without a FAIR Plan
No state insurer of last resort. If you can't get a standard-market policy here, the next stop is the surplus-lines (E&S) market, or in a couple of states a referral program that connects you with willing private carriers (not the same thing as a last-resort insurer).
| State | Closest substitute | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Two AIUA structural changes drive the current picture: (1) AIUA non-renewed all fire-coverage policies effective 2023-10-01, so it now… | Insurance Information Institute -- Insurance Provided By FAIR Plans By State, FY2024 (Alabama excluded) ↗ |
| Alaska | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Arizona | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC / Insurance Information Institute ↗ |
| Arkansas | No FAIR Plan policy-count data exists because Arkansas has no FAIR Plan (and the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table explicitly excludes… | Arkansas Insurance Department ↗ |
| Idaho | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Maine | Statutory authority exists to create a residual-market arrangement (Title 24-A) if a coverage becomes unavailable/unaffordable, but no FAIR Plan has been activated. | Maine Legislature (Title 24-A §794) / Maine Bureau of Insurance ↗ |
| Montana | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Nebraska | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Nevada | None: private/surplus-lines market only | United Policyholders / Nevada Division of Insurance / The Nevada Independent ↗ |
| New Hampshire | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| North Dakota | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Oklahoma | Oklahoma Market Assistance Program (OK-MAP) — a state-mandated referral program (mapsprogram.com) that connects homeowners with participating private insurers. It is NOT an insurer of last resort: OK-MAP does not itself write policies. | Oklahoma Market Assistance Program / Oklahoma Insurance Department ↗ |
| South Carolina | SCWHUA (the Wind Pool) is shrinking. Grand-total in-force policies were ~16,047 at April 30, 2024 and ~16,402 at January 31, 2025; total… | Insurance Information Institute -- Insurance Provided By FAIR Plans By State, FY2024 ↗ |
| South Dakota | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Tennessee | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC / Insurance Information Institute ↗ |
| Utah | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Vermont | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
| Wyoming | None: private/surplus-lines market only | NAIC ↗ |
Table: U.S. states with no FAIR Plan as of early 2026 (18). · Status confirmed against NAIC, the Insurance Information Institute's FAIR-Plan-by-state table, and PIPSO membership. Some have niche windstorm pools or pending legislation; confirm before relying on a flat 'no option' claim.
How to read this
"Market read" is a quick label, not a rating: Crisis = recent rate filings, member assessments, or major carrier exits; Strained = carrier non-renewals and accelerating FAIR Plan growth; Tightening = a hardening market with reforms in progress; Stable / Open = the standard market is generally working and the FAIR Plan is rarely needed. Every state page shows the underlying facts and their sources so you can judge for yourself. How we compile and verify this →
Compiled from official FAIR Plans, state Departments of Insurance, NAIC, and the Insurance Information Institute, and dated 2026-05-11. Insurance regulation moves fast; confirm specifics with the relevant state authority before acting.